D. Linear Heat Detecting Cable [18]

E. Point Flame Detectors [19]

F. Obscuration detectors employing infra-red beams [20]

G. Pneumatic detectors with fusible bulbs [21]

14-5 Fire Fighting [22] Techniques

Coal fires are reported from coalfields in China, India, Indonesia, Venezuela, South Africa, USA, Australia, Germany and many other countries. But while coal fires in developed countries are mainly under control, the technique for effective fire fighting is lacking in newly industrializing countries.

Depending on the situation, e.g. location, depth, size or age of the coal fire there are different techniques existing to extinguish [23] them. Some of the methods are listed below. They can be operated alone or used in combination:

A. Cooling down with water or injecting liquid nitrogen [24]

B. Taking out burning coal by bulldozing [25] or blasting

C. Cut-off air supply by covering and/or filling cracks [26] with soil or slurry

Normally the direct method is to bring the fire under control through the use of suitable extinguishing agents [27] or coolants (for example water). Loading out the fire can also be tried if the fire is not large and is approachable. If the above attempts are not effective and are likely to endanger [28] the safety of the personnel - than in such cases sealing off [29] the fire is advisable. In the majority of endogenous fires in mining shafts, the method of "sealing off" is applied.

NOTES TO THE TEXT

[1] mine fires������

[2] spontaneous combustion����Ȼ����

[3] natural hazards����Ȼ����ɵ�Σ��

[4] old generators and lighting systems���ϵķ����������ϵͳ

[5] spray sparks���罦�Ļ�

[6] outer influence���ⲿ��Ӱ��

[7] accumulation������

[8] transported substance�������������

[9] mechanical fault�������

[10] friction��Ħ��

[11] initiate����ʼ������

[12] welding or cutting operations�����Ӻ��и���ҵ

[13] smoldering��Ѭ��

[14] fire detection������̽��

[15] collective reflectors (thermo-couple hoods) ���ۺϷ��������ȵ�ź�֣�

[16] ionization & optical point smoke detectors������͹�ѧ�ĵ�����̽����

[17] point heat detectors��������̽����

[18] linear heat detecting cable��������̽�����

[19] point flame detectors�������̽����

[20] infra-red beams����������

[21] pneumatic detectors with fusible bulbs�������ۻ����ѹ��̽����

[22] fire fighting�������������

[23] extinguish��Ϩ������

[24] injecting liquid nitrogen��ע���Һ��

[25] bulldozing ������������

[26] covering and/or filling cracks�����Ǻͣ������ѷ�

[27] extinguishing agents������

[28] endanger��ʹ�⵽Σ�գ�Σ��

[29] sealing off���ܷ�

��һҳ[1][2]