我國低透氣性本煤層增透技術現狀及氣爆增透防突新技術

摘　要:提高煤層的透氣性是高瓦斯低透氣性礦井瓦斯災害防治的根本措施。采用文獻綜述的方法,對我國高瓦斯低透氣性本煤層采用的大孔徑鑽孔、密集交叉鑽孔、水力衝孔、水力割縫、水力壓裂、深孔爆破等主要技術的增透效果進行評述,指出了各增透方法的優劣及適用性。在充分借鑒深孔爆破和水力壓裂增透技術的優點之上,提出了采用高壓氣體爆破致裂進行高瓦斯低透氣性本煤層增透防突的新技術,即氣爆增透技術;基於理論分析,揭示了氣爆增透新技術的衝擊震裂和尖劈壓裂增透機理,指出了支撐氣爆增透技術工程實踐應開展的基礎研究工作。

關鍵詞:高瓦斯低透氣性煤層 煤體增透 氣爆技術 高壓氣體 應力波

分類號:　TD235 TD713Different Technologies of Permeability Enhancement of Single Coal Seam in China and New Technique of High Pressure Gas ShockZHAO Bao-yo, WANG Hai-dong (1. School of Mechanics and Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin 123000, China; 2. a. Shenyang Research Institute;b. State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Safety Technology, China Coal Technology & Engineering Group Corp,Shenyang 110016 ,China)Abstract:Enhancing the coal permeability was an essential approach to prevent gas disaster in highly gassy and low permeable coal mine. Main technologies in China for coal seam permeability enhancement were reviewed, such as large radius borehole, crossed borehole, hydraulic flushing, hydraulic cutting, hydraulic fracturing and long-hole blasting. The advantages, disadvantages and applicability of these technologies were put forward by comparison with each other. A new technology for coal seam permeability enhancement by high pressure gas shock was presented on the basis of the advantages of hydraulic fracturing and long-hole blasting technologies. The fracturing mechanism of coal induced by high pressure shock technology was studied by theoretical analysis and fundamental researches, which hastened the new technique application in future.

Keyword:highly gassy and low permeable coal seam; coal permeability enhancement; gas shock technique;high pressure gas ; stress wave